Introduction

This guide is intended to be a brief description of the most important principles for formatting and correcting articles in EERN. To facilitate the work of our Proofreaders, we encourage you to use the ready-made template.

1. Technical Errors

1.1 Allowed White Characters

Spaces, new lines, and tabs (indentations) are allowed. Authors are not permitted to use any other white character, including hard spaces and soft enters.

The Proofreader must however use a hard space as a digit separator and a space between the unit and the number (see 1.3).

1.2 Punctuation Marks

In case of duplicated punctuation marks next to each other (e.g., !!, ?!?, ::, etc.), choose the one that best matches the semantics of the sentence. It should also be remembered that in economic works, exclamations and rhetorical questions (marks ! and ?), together with suspension of voice (...), appear extremely rarely and should not be used.

In in-text citations, the use of an ellipsis (in the form of three individual dots, i.e., ...) is allowed.

In works in Polish, as quotation marks, one should use Polish characters, i.e., „ and ”. Analogously, in English, one should use so-called beautiful quotes, i.e., “ and ”. One should ensure that these marks, together with parentheses, are not orphans, i.e., they have an opening and a closing.

In Polish, the decimal separator is a comma, while in English it is a dot.

In the text, one should not use dashes (–) or half-dashes (—). Instead, replace them with hyphens, i.e., the shortest minus sign (-). This unifies differences between Polish and English in British and American variants.

1.3 Characters and Space

Before no punctuation mark may a white character appear, except quotation marks. After every punctuation mark must a space appear, except quotation marks.

One should not place a space between a number and the percent sign (%). On the other hand, always place a hard space between a number and units (e.g., km, m, cm, dm, mm, t, kg, dag, g, mg, zł).

Numbers should be divided into groups of three digits using a hard space, for example: 23420249 -> 23 420 249.

2. Own Standards

2.1 Word File Formatting

Although we use the Your paper, Your way form, Authors are requested to properly format the file, which may accelerate the publication process. You can use the ready-made template, or adhere to the following principles:

• Font in the entire text: Times New Roman.
• Article title: 20 pt, bold, centred.
• Main text: 12 pt, justified.
• Chapter titles: 14 pt, bold, centred.
• Subchapter titles: 12 pt, bold, centred.
• Line spacing: 1.0.
• Margins: narrow, 1.27 cm (half inch) on each side.

Additionally:

• Tables should be numbered and provided with an appropriate title and optionally a description.
• Figures and charts should also be numbered and described, and chart axes must have clear labels.
• Lists should be used primarily as unnumbered, unless the order of elements is important.
• Mathematical formulas should be inserted using the built-in equation editor of Word.
• In the entire article, maintain a consistent way of writing numerical values and the number of decimal places.
• Bibliography should be prepared according to APA principles.
• In case of using AI tools for text preparation, literature search, calculations, or research, an appropriate declaration should be included in the article.

2.2 Most Common Translation Errors by Authors

This list will certainly be updated and we encourage you to help create it :)

From Polish to English:

• Główny Urząd Statystyczny -> Central Statistical Office Statistics Poland

From English to Polish:

• Methodology -> Metodologia Metody